Lamarck vs Darwin giraffe

Lamarck vs Darwin Giraffe 

Lamarck and Lamarckism

Lamarck was born on 1 August 1744 and died on 18 December 1829. Lamarck was a French naturalist, solder, biologist, and academic.

He gave the term vertebrate in 1801, the term biology in 1802, and gave his evolutionary theory in 1809, in a book named "Zoological philosophy".

Transformism

Hypothesis of Lamarck's

Lamarck observed that a species is and some members of that species reproduce when the members of these species reproduce to form the next generation. So the next generation is somewhat different from the previous generation, this means that the children who are there are somewhat different from their parents. So Lamarck understood that if children are different from parents, then these children will become parents in the future, then the progeny will be slightly different from them. 

This means that the grant children will be very different from the grant parents and in the same way their next generation when the offspring will come and more changes will come. Lamarck said that the ancestral species or one parental species converts within another species over time. That's why this hypothesis is called transformism. Transformism in the sense that one species is transformed into another species; one species is completely transformed into another species.

A long time ago a species is a species, it will be converted into species according to Lamarck, that is, species diversity will never grow, but the number of species will remain the same according to Lamarck, therefore this theory is called transformism.

Lamarck's Postulate

1. Internal Force -The inner force in the senses There is a vital force inside the living organism. Her living organism can develop the desired character according to its vital force. Lamarck's accordion used to be a giraffe in the olden days, but the neck of these giraffes was very small, whose neck was small he thought that why not stretch his neck and reach this tall tree, according to Lamarck, he did it too.All today's giraffes have very long necks.

The birds that used to be earlier used to live on the earth's surface, then there was a gap between the toes of their feet. But after some time they start living in the water, then the gap between their fingers becomes like a membrane there so that this membrane is so that this membrane which is there works like a flipper and can live comfortably in the water, those birds understood the vital force inside them and made the membrane.

That is, according to Lamarck, we can do whatever we want, we can develop any new character. Against this point, some people have asked that if we can develop the character of our own free will, then we have always wanted wings. So why haven't human wings evolved yet or why haven't wings evolved inside the human body? If everything happened because of internal force, then wings should have come inside us but wings have not come inside us. This means to me that no living organism can develop a new character because of the internal force. So this point of Lamarck was discarded.

2. Use and Disuse - According to Lamarck, if any living organism does more than any of its organs, then that organ will be very complex, that organ will be very developed. And that organ will work efficiently and if an organism stops using an organ, then gradually the function of that organ will stop. And with the time that organ dissipates from the body. 

example - Giraffe

3. Body Size - At this point, Lalmarak wants to say that the body size of living organisms increases.

Lamarck said that the body size of the earlier giraffe was small, the body size of today's giraffe is very large. The horses that used to be earlier had small body sizes and today's horses are big. Scientists believe that the first evolution took place inside the water and the algae were the first to be inside the water. So body size is bigger from algae to gymnosperm, under mean Lamarck's saying is correct but gymnosperms are monocot body size decrease. This does not mean that Lamarck said.

4.Environmental Force -In this point, Lamarck says that due to the environmental force, the individual gets a new need and due to the new need, a new character will develop according to Lamarck. 

As an example, Lamarck told Against Giraffe that earlier giraffes referred to the grass that Earth surface feet could easily find. But after some, time the number of grasses decreased, and now only the trees were left, so the environment forced it, then a new character, was developed according to Lamarck.

5. Soft Inheritance - Inheritance of acquired Characteristics - In the sense that if an organism gets a new character in its entire life, then that character will go to its next-generation, how will it get this new character? Lamarck also said that if there is a man and he has an accident and in the accident, there is a mark on this forehead. So what has become a mark on the forehead of a person should go to his next generation, according to Lamarck. This is called Lamarck's According Acquired Characteristics, this point was also, discovered by a scientist named Weismann.  And he experimented called the Weismann Experiment. Weismann said that the changes that Lamarck is talking about come in the somatic cell, he said that if changes occur in the germ cell.

So that change should go to the next generation, Weismann gave an experiment and a theory "Theory of Germplasm". In the experiment he took 68 white mice, this 68 white mouse was just born, he experimented on those white mouse. Weismann cut the tail of 68 white mice, then all the mice will be tailless then we will do the explanation that which are 68 tailless mouse. All the mice of their next generation should be born tailless, but it did not happen that all their progeny had tails present.

So Weismann again cut off the tail of all the mice, but all those mice had tails present. What I mean by this is that the acquired character is never inherited According to Weismann, it is the inheritance of the same character. What comes inside Genghis' germ cell

Darwin and Darwinism

Charles Robert Darwin was born on 12 February 1809 and died on 19 April 1882, he was a naturalist, geologist, and biologist. Darwin's point of view is called Descendants with Modification. Darwin's evolution with a branching pattern.

Darwin's father was a doctor and, when Darwin was born, his father said that my son would become a doctor and he had also sent Darwin. To study his medicines but, Darwin had no interest to become a doctor.

Darwin's cousin was the brother, He used to collect small bits, because of them, Darwin felt like studying nature. So at Christ's College inside Cambridge, Darwin took admission in 1828 in Bachelor of Arts and B.A. Inside them. Chosen Geology and in today's time, this college is known as Cambridge University. There was a professor in the Department of Geology inside Christ's College named Charles Lyell, who was Darwin's teacher.

Darwin was in the final year in 1831 and, There were 178 students in his class. his 10th ranks were A.

Darwin's teacher Charles Lyell told Darwin that we want to be a teacher with us and we propose a method of study. We'll send you on a journey. In End Journey, we need some help from your side Go on your Journey Collect some data Collect Fossils Bring Living Specimen.

Darwin was selected for Voyage Journey on 27 December 1831, his journey lasted from 1831-1836.

Darwin's friend's name is J.D. hooker was.

Just as Darwin had gone to the Galapagos Islands for a study trip, Wallace was also studying inside the neotropical region. On 18 June 1858, Wallace had parceled out all his work to Lyell & Hooker.

Lyle and Hooker read less about them and shared that 21 year old is such a person. Who is thinking like Darwin, then now Darwin's work should be published, then Lyell and Hooker called Darwin and told that see. A scientist named Wallace is thinking just like you, as you are giving results, Wallace is also giving results, this is the right opportunity. You can publish your work.

Darwin hyp

The Origin of Species 

This book was published on 24 November 1859 under the name of On the Origin of Species. On 7 January 1860, Darwin came out with the second edition of this book. In 1861 the third edition came.

The fourth edition arrived in 1866. The fifth edition arrived on 10 February 1869

And finally, on 19 February 1872, the sixth edition of this book came. And the sixth edition is the name of the book The Origin of Species. Darwin's first research paper was named "An essay on the principle of the human population" Malthus studied about human population.

Descendents with Modification

In the sense that all the living organisms that exist today are different from the living organisms before them. And these living organisms come from the living organisms before them. And ultimately, all living organisms are evolved from a Common cell which is called descendants with modification.

If any person tells you two things and He has to choose one of the two, then the law of parsimony says that you should choose between the two the work which is wrong. Maybe both are true and maybe both may be wrong under such conditions if we have to select a statement. So you select such statement which work is wrong.

Example- If you read 100 students in a class, Then you told your friend that all the students will come wearing white t-shirts. Out of 100, any two students will come wearing white t-shirts, then let us select the one from these two which, is wrong.

Darwin's first research paper was named

"An essay on the principle of human population" Malthus studied about human population.

Darwin Postulate

1. Over Production

Darwin said that the human bean has a high tendency to reproduce. So Darwin checked whether all living organisms tend to reproduce more. So it was found that each living organism has a higher tendency to reproduce more. 

Example

Mind is a tree and this tree has no. 1 If there is but the reproduction will come, then it will be inside the reproductive material. If you make seeds, then a tree can make 1000 seeds of its own no. 1 but Progeny's no. 1000, this is called overproduction.

2. Struggle for Existence

Whether it is two organisms and oak species or two different species and their demand and resources are the same. So there is competition between them and everyone wants to win the competition. That is called the struggle for existence within evolution. 

3. Variation

Suppose there are a bird species Inside this bird species There are two birds Suppose There are a bird species Inside this bird species There are two birds. Male, female, and both crossed so they produced a Total of Six X, Produced and six X will come out, then we will do existence inside nature for the struggle, so the first of these six birds died. For some reason, the bus and the next two birds are very lazy type and the next two birds are a little more active than the previous birds. 

And the next bird is most active from the first bird, that is, all these differences are called variations by Darwin. 

4. Survival of the fittest

Mind are any five organisms A, B, C, D, these five organisms are competing with each other. And out of these five, there is c better competitor which is also in organic work resources. Better Utilize will show its normal growth it is called fit from the point of view of ecology. 

According to Darwin (1) Differential reproduction (2) Differential survival

Mind there are 5 members A, B, C, D, E, out of this, how much of a member can reproduce it, so it will be called a differential reproduction of a how much can a member survive like this. Similarly, if you see the Differential Reproduction and Differential Survival of B, C, D, E, then you will understand. That there is one member who can reproduce the most and survive the most. We will call that candidate the fittest.

Calculating Differential Reproduction and Differential Survival is made up of differential fitness that means survival of the fittest.

Neo Darwinism

Neo-Darwinism is commonly used to describe any combination of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection and Gregor Mendel's genetic theory. It refers mainly to the theory of evolution from 1895 or 1942 but could refer to any new Darwin- and Mendelian theory, as the current theory of evolution of natural vision. The term "Neo-Darwinism" signifies a combination of natural selection and genetics, as it has changed in variety since it was first proposed.

Theory of Continental Drift

This theory was given by "Alfred Wegner"

Let us understand the Continental Theory with an example.